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Supplementary material from "Cellular mechanisms underlying extraordinary sulphide tolerance in a crustacean holobiont from hydrothermal vents"

Version 2 2022-12-26, 09:58
Version 1 2022-12-02, 02:49
Posted on 2022-12-02 - 02:49
The shallow-water hydrothermal vent system of Kueishan Island has been described as one of the world's most acidic and sulphide-rich marine habitats. The only recorded metazoan species living in the direct vicinity of the vents is Xenograpsus testudinatus, a brachyuran crab endemic to marine sulphur-rich vent systems. Despite the toxicity of hydrogen sulphide, X. testudinatus occupies an ecological niche in a sulphide-rich habitat, with the underlying detoxification mechanism remaining unknown. Using laboratory and field-based experiments, we characterized the gills of X. testudinatus that are the major site of sulphide detoxification. Here sulphide is oxidized to thiosulphate or bound to hypotaurine to generate the less toxic thiotaurine. Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrated that the accumulation of thiosulphate and hypotaurine is mediated by the sodium-independent sulphate anion transporter (SLC26A11) and taurine transporter (Taut), which are expressed in gill epithelia. Histological and metagenomic analyses of gill tissues demonstrated a distinct bacterial signature dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria. Our results suggest that thiotaurine synthesized in gills is used by sulphide-oxidizing endo-symbiotic bacteria, creating an effective sulphide-buffering system. This work identified physiological mechanisms involving host-microbe interactions that support life of a metazoan in one of the most extreme environments on our planet.

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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

AUTHORS (18)

  • Pei-Hsuan Chou
    Marian Y. Hu
    Ying-Jey Guh
    Guan-Chung Wu
    Shan-Hua Yang
    Kshitij Tandon
    Yi-Ta Shao
    Li-Yih Lin
    Chi Chen
    Kuang-Yu Tseng
    Min-Chen Wang
    Cheng-Mao Zhang
    Bor-Cheng Han
    Ching-Chun Lin
    Sen-Lin Tang
    Ming-Shiou Jeng
    Ching-Fong Chang
    Yung-Che Tseng
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