Figure S1. Sensitivity of the normalized tip displacement amplitude with respect to a variation in the wing thickness, density, and Young's modulus. from Effects of spanwise flexibility on performance of flapping flyers in forward flight KodaliDeepa MedinaCory KangChang-kwon AonoHikaru 2017 Normalized tip displacement amplitude with variation in thickness, density and Young's modulus for passerine and goose with ±5%, ±10% and ±15% variations relative to the optimal solutions.